Reservation System free essay sample

Present day GDSes normally permit clients to bookâ hotelâ rooms andâ rental carsâ as well as carrier tickets. They likewise give access to railroad reservations in certain business sectors despite the fact that these are not generally incorporated with the principle framework. Birthplaces In 1946, American Airlinesâ installed the main robotized booking framework, the experimental electromechanical Reservisor. A more current machine with transitory capacity dependent on aâ magnetic drum, the Magnetronic Reservisor, before long followed. This framework demonstrated fruitful, and was before long being utilized by a few carriers, too as Sheraton Hotels and Goodyear for inventory control. It was genuinely hampered by the requirement for neighborhood human administrators to do the real queries; tagging specialists would need to call a booking office, whose administrators would coordinate a little group working the Reservisor and afterward read the outcomes via phone. There was no chance to get for operators to straightforwardly question the framework Remote access In 1953, Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA) began researching a PC based framework with remoteâ terminals, testing one plan on theUniversity of Torontos Manchester Mark 1â machine that mid year. We will compose a custom article test on Reservation System or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In spite of the fact that fruitful, the analysts found that info and yield was a significant issue. Ferranti Canadaâ became engaged with the undertaking and proposed another framework usingâ punched cardsâ and aâ transistorizedcomputer instead of the unreliableâ tube-based Mark I. The subsequent system, ReserVec, began activity in 1962, and assumed control over all reserving tasks in January 1963. Terminals were set in all of TCAs tagging workplaces, permitting all inquiries and appointments to finish in around one second with no remote administrators required. In 1953, American Airlines CEO C. R. Smithâ chanced to sit close to R. Blair Smith, a senior IBM sales agent, on a departure from Los Angeles to New York. C. R. welcomed Blair to visit their Reservisor framework and search for ways that IBM could improve the framework. Blair alertedThomas Watson Jr. cap American was keen on a significant coordinated effort, and a progression of low-level investigations began. Their concept of an automated Airline Reservation System (ARS) brought about a 1959 endeavor known as the Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment(SABRE), propelled the next year. [2] By the time the system was finished in December 1964, it was the biggest civilâ data processingsystem on the planet. Different carriers before long settled their own frameworks. Delta Air Linesâ launched the D elta Automated Travel Account System (DATAS) in 1968. Joined Airlines and Trans World Airlinesâ followed in 1971 with the Apollo Reservation System and Programmed Airline Reservation System(PARS), individually. Before long, trip specialists started pushing for a framework that could computerize their side of the procedure by getting to the different ARSes legitimately to reserve a spot. Dreadful this would put an excess of intensity in the possession of specialists, American Airlines executive Robert Crandallâ proposed making an industry-wide Computer Reservation System to be a focal clearing house for U. S. travel; different aircrafts challenged, refering to fear ofâ antitrust arraignment. Reservation System free paper test Primary point of the Airline Reservation System is to help the clients in holding Air tickets through on the web. Carrier Reservation Systems (ARS) used to be independent frameworks. Every carrier had its own framework, detached from different aircrafts or ticket specialists, and usable just by an assigned number of carrier representatives. Trip specialists during the 1970s pushed for access to the carriers ‘systems. Today, air travel data is connected, put away, and recovered by a system of Computer Reservations Systems (CRS), open by different aircrafts and trip specialists. The worldwide conveyance framework (GDS) makes for a significantly bigger trap of carrier data, not just consolidating the purchasing and selling of tickets for numerous aircrafts, yet in addition making the frameworks available to buyers straightforwardly. GDS entryways and passages on the Web permit buyers to buy tickets straightforwardly, select seats, and even book inns and rental vehicles. Aircraft Reservation System (ARS) related to Global Distribution System (GDS) has prompted simplicity of carrier tagging, flight planning and furthermore gave a way to clients to access and book departures from their homes. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reservation framework or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It has likewise sped up with which data about clients are recovered and taken care of for flight booking assignments. Discoveries Conclusion Online Hotel Reservation System Publisher:Mr. G. J. K. Date Published:November 2012 Source:http://www. studymode. com/expositions/Hotel-Reservation-System-1248194. html Abstract Our undertaking is done to build up an electronic application called Online Hotel Reservation System. The reasons for building the Online Hotel Reservation System are for visitors to reserve online spot and for inn work force to oversee reservations, housekeeping matters and substance of the web application. Issues with the current framework which were found during business considers are tedious reservation process, equivocalness perspective on lodging condition, static substance in online framework and absence of housekeeping the executives framework. The Online Hotel Reservation System is huge to improve the capability of the framework, which offer the speed and comfort of one-stop accessibility check, moment buy and affirmation in reservation process. The framework to be created would likewise permit staff to oversee housekeeping matters and update all information on the Internet, 24 hours per day, without including a website specialist. Examination on this task is led by visiting the sites of different lodgings and material on inn reservation all from the web. The technique applied in building up this framework is Waterfall Paradigm. Discoveries all in all, this robotized framework is meant to set aside time and cash for clients along these lines bringing about high benefit to the inn and better administrations to the clients. Inns will require low upkeep cost to keep up the framework. The framework to be created would likewise give a conservative route to the clients to do room or dinner booking, or to get data. â€Å"COMPUTERIZED SCHEDULING SYSTEM† Publisher:MHAYBEL CAMARTIN MANILYN DEQUILLA Date Published:January 27,2011 Source:http://www. studymode. com/papers/Review-Of-Related-Studies-And-Literature-1089397. html Abstract A mechanized reservations and booking framework is given which on the other hand permits transportation buyers to choose from pre-planned transportation administrations gave by transportation suppliers or to arrange and contract with transportation suppliers who have accessible unscheduled transportation space. The framework involves a focal electronic information base. Transportation suppliers and customers the same access the PC through a majority of terminal units. The focal electronic information base includes a perhaps document for putting away data with respect to accessible unscheduled transportation space which might be offered by a supplier for administration if an appropriate buyer request exists and for putting away data in regards to unscheduled transportation space which is required by buyers. The perhaps document encourages arranging and contracting between the gatherings. Discoveries Conclusion

Anthropology Essay 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human sciences 3 - Essay Example Despite the fact that, John’s questionable recognitions appear differently in relation to the customary science, he is respected to be one of the primarily contemplated creators of 2012, with a firm information on the ancient Maya. John has faith in the common, logical advances of cosmology a result of having restricted considerations. He keeps up that an unrivaled cognizance conditions and overall perception exists. Along these lines, it is subliminally found in the contemporary people through a memory that is antiquated. In any case, these better reasoning planes were moreover reachable than people of the distant history, including the Mayans. John likewise looks to bring up members of the insignificantly appreciated ancient Mesoamerican ballgame as supporting a blessed presentation in which the people attempted the duty of commendable semi singular heavenly being and who through a type of kind enchantment, maintained the extraterrestrial unfaltering quality of the universe. John additionally enunciated that so as to recognize and fathom his hypotheses of cosmology, an individual ought to likewise perceive the establishment that the lords of Maya made a trip to areas that were very removed and ceaselessly restored their realms at extraordinary lengths in the schedule of the Mayans. Furthermore, John likewise held up the hypothesis of the star which extrapolates the means of a double accomplice of the Earth’s sun established on the scientific irregularities in an earth shudder like model. John is a starting part, counsel, and asset of the TMC (The Maya Conservancy). The association has oftentimes been inside trustworthy. A portion of the considers alluded to the blessed tzolkin check of the 206days. The include is still clung to in the Guatemala good countries. This short tally additionally holds up the association by Thompson (Kottak, pg49}. Then again, the long tally was started by the Mayans despite the fact that; there exists a

Hegemony and Ideology

Authority and Ideology The media assumes an essential job in characterizing the world and giving models to proper conduct and perspectives. Philosophy has a connection with ideas, for example, conviction framework, perspective and qualities, however is more extensive in setting. The media is viewed as a road through which spread of philosophy happens. Subsequently, this is one motivation behind why the media is regularly a subject of political debate.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Hegemony and Ideology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media is esteemed a foundation of social shades of malice and issues. In his battle field of 2000, President George W. Shrub asserted that school savagery was expected to â€Å"dark cells of insidiousness on the internet† (Kornblut and Scales refered to in Croteau Hoynes 2003). Additionally, government officials from over the political domain accused brutal computer games for the grievous shootings at Colorado Columbine Hig h School in 1999. The media therefore is seen to sell the two thoughts and items and this paper will examine how the media successfully accomplishes this by focusing on belief system and authority. As appeared by Marx and Frankfurt, philosophy yields positive outcomes by showing that social force is operational by means of the social domain of society. Individuals are gathered into informal organizations of mistreatment and subjection by ideological frameworks (Cottle 2000). Marxists frequently discuss philosophy as a conviction framework utilized by people with significant influence to legitimize their activities however bending and distortion of the real world. Media utilizes philosophy as a way to characterize and clarify the world, and make esteem surmisings on this world. Belief system in media doesn't concentrate on explicit exercises appeared in papers, melodies, or films, rather it is keen on the more extensive framework made up by such exercises. Similarity of pictures and words in a specific media content, musings and meanings of social and social issues are principal in ideological examination (Croteau Hoynes 2003). In spite of the way that broad communications writings are grasped ideologically as methods for correspondence that have a higher respect for some arrangement of thoughts and not others, an express depiction of media belief system stays constrained. Authority then again manages prevalent impact of one gathering over different gatherings/group.Advertising Looking for exposition on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fiske characterized authority as â€Å"exertion of a nation’s ideological and social, as opposed to military or coercive, control over another nation† (Fiske 1998, 310). In contemporary social society, authority is the dynamic methods utilized by a prevailing class to get and win the assent of the subordinate class. Belief system is extre mely incredible in light of the fact that it is the methods through which predominance of authoritative organizations is picked up. Along these lines, assent ought to be won and re-won on the grounds that bold people may have elective belief systems that make them insubordinate to authoritative ones. Belief system, in this way, is vital in empowering a decision, domineering foundations engender the necessary assent for strength. Media writings are viewed as essential locales to fundamental accepted practices. This is on the grounds that they assume a job in delineating suitable jobs of people, managers and their workers, and guardians and kids. By so doing, the media scatters the belief systems administering jobs by different sorts of individuals. Belief system is principal in fortifying observations and thoughts in the brains of the crowds be that as it may, for it to have the ground-breaking impact of changing these recognitions and thoughts, an authoritative angle is basic. Media crowds characterize their being, and through such methods social division wins. The U.S. social students of history: Todd Gitlin and Williams, and British social investigations headed by Stuart Hall, have applied bogus awareness as the foreseen finished result of authority. Authority has been esteemed as the control, by means of belief system, of the decision class and advancement of famous assent by Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist. Authority is an idea that incorporates influence from the prevailing classes and assent from the overwhelmed classes. It is utilized by Gitlin and different researchers to clarify the procedure of the private enterprises advancement. Gitlins study suggests that matchless quality is kept up when those individuals who are answerable for the procedure can without much of a stretch present the clarifications of the subjects viable. The decision class controls ideological space and confines the considering society. The minor/commanded class unconsciously partakes in their mastery as authority turns into a piece of their every day schedules and thoughts (Gitlin 1980).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Hegemony and Ideology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Media destinations have become a site where social challenges are organized. This is because of the changing ideological points of view, which are a portrayal of various interests differing in power that makes a sort of contention and battles inside media writings. Authority isn't about ideological control; rather, it works by utilizing presence of mind while making suppositions on public activity and landscape of things acknowledged as normal, or customary. Gramsci says that by forming realistic presumptions, successful guideline is accomplished (1971). Good judgment is the way that individuals imagine and see things without the need of basic assessment. A young lady watches a sitcom on TV each night. The characters on this program, her pref erred show, are youthful, slim, Caucasian, and alluring. She is likewise youthful, appealing, and Caucasian; watching the program illuminates and strengthens her impression of her fruitful appearance, her feeling of having a place, and her way of life as a component of her age (Gray 2005). A great many people don't know about how introductions of TV are created. The choice by shoppers on any program and ad is impacted by different gatherings and organizations. As indicated by Marxist scholars, such gatherings and establishments are regarded to have force and benefit. Belief system is valuable in understanding contemporary media since it centers around similarity of authoritative philosophy with individual or cultural philosophies. In any case, authority is increasingly helpful on the grounds that it has a powerful job that convinces the crowd along these lines making strength. The capacity of the media’s domineering belief system to impact the philosophy of an individual prom pts subjection. Something else, authority alone isn't sufficient to wage subjection on the grounds that through domineering philosophy, the ruled class takes part in its mastery without acknowledging it. In the extract given over, the capacity of the media to shape and strengthen the philosophy of the young lady makes a sort of subjection to the program. As indicated by Althusser, belief system is the connection between nonexistent speculation with genuine presence: material presence (Althusser 1969, 296). Stuart Hall is one of the contemporary social and media pundit established in Althusserian system of philosophy, and accepts that crowds will acknowledge a few thoughts and reject others relying upon their individual contrasts, specific convictions and social conditions (Hall 2001).Advertising Searching for paper on political theories? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Corridor normally forms this situation in his encoding-interpreting typology that proposes the encoding of messages with their one of a kind implications by the sender, and the translating of these messages by the crowds (2001). The crowds acknowledge a portion of these implications, grow new implications, and reject a portion of the ideal implications. Postmodern Marxists grasp Gramscian authority described by influence of people and social classes to acknowledge social qualities and standards of an exploitative framework (Gramsci 1971). In the contemporary social world, there are clashing philosophies as referenced before on. Accordingly, authority comes in and assumes a fundamental job in affecting the choice of the crowd. Gramsci portrays authority as a type of social force that is reliant on voluntarism and willing interest and is viewed as sound judgment that oversees people’s comprehension of the world (Gramsci 1971, 333). Joining of authority in belief system is the th ing that characterizes and assists with understanding contemporary media. People, who are admirers of sentimental books and movies, start viewing the film in view of their specific belief systems, however toward the finish of the novel or film, their philosophies become affected and changed by means of authority. In an account of â€Å"I Followed My Dream† (True Romance 1980 refered to in Williams 1977), the authority of male centric society impacts and changes the women's activist thoughts of a young lady. The character in this story has women's activist thoughts that direct her reasoning. She doesn't mean to get hitched to a Chauvinist, who will simply see her as a hireling. Be that as it may, she experiences passionate feelings and really performs wifely obligations as expected of her. This story is powerful to the crowd, and means that domineering belief system. The primary hypothetical idea that administers contemporary belief system of media is authority. Authority enve lops culture, force and belief system. The media is seen to have a ground-breaking authority over the crowd in this manner making them less autonomous. Opportunity of the press, which is driving trademark in practically all media stations, ought to be comprehended to mean ‘power of the press’. The media has had an incredible compelling job on the crowds. A few occasions remember the ascent of patriotism for Serbia (Meeuwis 1993), actuating ethnic disdain in Rwanda and South Africa, just as setting off the post-political race brutality in Kenya. Regardless of the way that the media portrays different belief systems, authority is exceptionally basic in contemporary media to the extent power, predominance an

The Strategic Leader

Question: How to developthe Strategic Leader? Clarify. Answer: Various types of procedures, which are created by the distinctive association, will control the directors to assess all the objectives and targets of the association in a legitimate way, which will assist with creating vital activities. There are five CEOs Ray Kroc, Fred Turner, Michael Quinlan, Jack Greenberg and Jim Skinner is the five CEOs of Mc Donalds, and the task will center what are the key zones just as what are the key systems created by pioneers by which Mc Donalds got profited specifically ways (Home :: McDonalds.com, 2016). Mc Donalds is one of the worldwide associations, which work its burger business over the significant urban areas of the globe. There are various types of key activities which greater part of the firm organizations towards accomplishing the regular authoritative objectives and targets. Be that as it may, there is one regular reason, which the different associations were working any business attempt to make towards expanding generally speaking deals and benefit in a proficient way. The key activity incorporates towards building up a legitimate marketable strategy, which overcomes any issues between where we are standing where we need to go. Beam Kroc, the organizer just as a developer of Mc Donald is given as a mechanical pioneer no less able than Henry Ford is. The most critical part of his authority style is the upset made in the American café industry towards forcing discipline on the creation of burgers, new fries, and milkshakes by building up an advanced working just as conveyance framework, which made all the clients especially happy with the business tasks (Collins, 2012). Fred Turner guided the association in an alternate way, which forced a general change in the association and clarified why change is required in the authoritative tasks for the achievement of the hierarchical objectives and destinations. Change is fundamental for both inside tasks just as outer activities of the business, and the most noteworthy point is the association got profited specifically ways by applying the change the executives in the association. As a chief of the Industrial Relations Research Center, Michael Quinlan creates individual authoritative just as administrative exercises in the procedures of the business. The most significant part which Jack Greenberg follows in the general business tasks is towards distinguishing various difficulties of Mc Donald and to create various types of procedures which will be executed in a legitimate way (Home :: McDonalds.com, 2016). The commitment of Jack M. Greenberg in the Mc Donalds business contributed one of the huge viewpoints as the Worlds greatest café network executes the Made for you a warming framework which was intended to keep the burgers straight from getting stale; the new system expects eateries to make food new. This specific activity created by Jack M. Greenberg adds to a recognizable increment in deals and benefit in a general way. Jim Skinner, the CEO of Mc Donalds has made a general insurgency in the menu. The goal of Jim Skinner has rebuilt Mc Donalds and overhauled the updated the cafés with the expansion of premium espresso contributions, foods grown from the ground serving of mixed greens and chicken wraps (Home :: McDonalds.com, 2016). Skimmers additionally gain good grades towards contributions better esteem and improve activities in the general showcasing procedure of the association. Notwithstanding, to be increasingly exact, there are sure ways, which should be satisfied to assess various types of procedures. Correspondence system, key arranging team, vision explanation, statement of purpose, values, objectives, goals, errands, execution procedures and observing vital arrangement are the key destinations towards the usage of the key arranging and targets (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The general destinations of the considerable number of CEOs of Mc Donalds are to create normal just as by and large systems, which will finish up the accompanying variables in the following piece of the task. The improvement of the correspondence system is a lot of basic for the effective turn of events and usage of key plans and activities (Gupta, Massisimo, Koontz, 2013). The improvement of center group targets of the authoritative pioneers is to make various types of key arranging is just as execution. The idea of the vision articulation incorporates the advancement just as executing the guide for what's to come. The use of statement of purpose will close the objectives, qualities, and goals of the association (Hood, 2013). These are the specific component, which should be investigated by the group to assess all the operational exercises. The current task is arranged into three inquiries, which will close how unique CEO of the different associations built up their vital initiative for the advancement of the business activities. There are sure hierarchical objectives and administrative targets, which various gatherings dependent on the nature just as destinations of the organization need to create in the general business tasks (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). The job of the different pioneers towards the achievement of the authoritative just as administrative exercises is a lot of noteworthy in the general business exchanges. The second inquiry in the task will discover on what are the particular components of the different kinds of key activity identifies with the course of idea (Dibb, 2012). Be that as it may, the last purpose of the task will discover what are the positive effect just as what are unfavorable impacts of which are incorporated towards the advancement of an appropriate activity. The, the most significan t thing that the authority style and techniques which are deduced in the task is the key just as the initiative style embraced by the CEO of Mc Donalds. All the elements are a lot of essential just as huge in the general exercises, which have been followed in the correct way. The goal towards creating various types of procedures in the association will control the organization to create different kinds of plans and procedures to manage the shared objectives and targets of the association. There are sure points of interest just as specific drawbacks, which will finish up how various associations will apply various types of plans and strategies. Anyway dependent on different discoveries and research work there are sure focuses, which will discover how the association was profited in the wake of utilizing these in the association. Then again, there are a few issues just as various difficulties, which this group needs to center during the time spent building up an appropriate activity for the improvement of the general public. In the time of globalization, the buying choices of the purchasers are increasingly enhanced which will guarantee the utilization of a legitimate showcasing plan and alternatives (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The job of CEO is broadened as it builds up all the projects and procedures towards the advancement procedure of the solid operational exercises (Kotler, 2013). This piece of the examination will guarantee what are various types of discoveries that will give the chose association to concentrate on what are the various sorts of key variables, which helped the choice, making procedure of Mc Donalds in the general business way. The initiative procedures of five CEO are featured in the general task, which will execute the use of the various types of authority aptitudes towards the accomplishment of the normal administrative objectives and goals. It is one of the most significant too regular destinations of the different pioneers of the diverse association during the time spent improvement of the hierarchical objectives and exercises and then again, how the organization will be profited in the wake of applying these initiative abilities of the five distinct CEOs of the association. Reference List Cateora, P., Gilly, M., Graham, J. (2013).International promoting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Collins, D. (2012).Business morals. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Dibb, S. (2012).Marketing ideas and methodologies. Andover: Cengage Learning. Gupta, D., Massisimo, A., Koontz, C. (2013).Marketing Library and Information Services II. Berlin: De Gruyter. Home :: McDonalds.com. (2016).Mcdonalds.com. Recovered 25 June 2016, from https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/home.html Hood, D. (2013).The promoting declaration. London: Kogan Page. Merchant, D. Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2013).Principles and practice of showcasing. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kotler, P. (2013).Principles of promoting. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012).Marketing administration. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Harris, L., Piercy, N. (2013).Principles of promoting. Harlow, England: Pearson.

Case Analysis †Giant Consumer Products Essay

1)Using information in Exhibits 1 and 4 create arrangement layouts in Exhibit 3 for Sanchez. From the table above, plainly the effect of an advancement can't be considered in confinement. Overall, the advancement has brought about a misfortune rather than a benefit for the Dinardo scope of items. Considered in disconnection an advancement on Dinardo 32 may look appealing however in general it’s a misfortune making recommendation. 2)Do you encourage Sanchez to run a national deals advancement? Provided that this is true, which one of the things the assets be designated: Dinardo 32, dinardo 16 or common suppers? Sanchez can run a business advancement for Natural dinners. This is the main productive alternative as can be seen from Solution layout Part-3 in the table above. 3)Prepare Sanchez for extra key/strategic inquiries that he envisions from Flatt given toward the finish of case. a)The advancement of Natural Meals would be a success for FFD, the retailer just as the buyer. FFD increases because of a positive increment in advertising edge because of the advancement. For the retailer, the advantage will be by virtue of the expanded spending by FFD for special exercises. The edges on Natural Meals are higher for retailers and an expansion in volumes would legitimately positively affect retailers’ incomes. The shopper benefits because of the discounted costs from the advancement. b)FFD ought to go with the compensation for execution approach for advancement of Natural Meals. The cost on the container of the item ought not be decreased and rather a markdown must be offered at the hour of charging. The retailer should then be repaid for the limits offered to clients. This would help hold the excellent situating of FFD’s items and maintain a strategic distance from clients from taking a gander at the items to be accessible at an arrangement during ensuing buys.

Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis

Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis Top 10 tips for writing a dissertation data analysis 1. Relevance Do not blindly follow the data you have collected; make sure your original research objectives inform which data does and does not make it into your analysis. All data presented should be relevant and appropriate to your aims. Irrelevant data will indicate a lack of focus and incoherence of thought. In other words, it is important that you show the same level of scrutiny when it comes to the data you include as you did in the literature review. By telling the reader the academic reasoning behind your data selection and analysis, you show that you are able to think critically and get to the core of an issue. This lies at the very heart of higher academia. 2. Analysis It is important that you use methods appropriate both to the type of data collected and the aims of your research. You should explain and justify these methods with the same rigour with which your collection methods were justified. Remember that you always have to show the reader that you didn’t choose your method haphazardly, rather arrived at it as the best choice based on prolonged research and critical reasoning. The overarching aim is to identify significant patterns and trends in the data and display these findings meaningfully. 3. Quantitative work Quantitative data, which is typical of scientific and technical research, and to some extent sociological and other disciplines, requires rigorous statistical analysis. By collecting and analysing quantitative data, you will be able to draw conclusions that can be generalised beyond the sample (assuming that it is representative â€" which is one of the basic checks to carry out in your analysis) to a wider population. In social sciences, this approach is sometimes referred to as the “scientific method,” as it has its roots in the natural sciences. 4. Qualitative work Qualitative data is generally, but not always, non-numerical and sometimes referred to as ‘soft’. However, that doesn’t mean that it requires less analytical acuity â€" you still need to carry out thorough analysis of the data collected (e.g. through thematic coding or discourse analysis). This can be a time consuming endeavour, as analysing qualitative data is an iterative process, sometimes even requiring the application hermeneutics. It is important to note that the aim of research utilising a qualitative approach is not to generate statistically representative or valid findings, but to uncover deeper, transferable knowledge. 5. Thoroughness The data never just ‘speaks for itself’. Believing it does is a particularly common mistake in qualitative studies, where students often present a selection of quotes and believe this to be sufficient â€" it is not. Rather, you should thoroughly analyse all data which you intend to use to support or refute academic positions, demonstrating in all areas a complete engagement and critical perspective, especially with regard to potential biases and sources of error. It is important that you acknowledge the limitations as well as the strengths of your data, as this shows academic credibility. 6. Presentational devices It can be difficult to represent large volumes of data in intelligible ways. In order to address this problem, consider all possible means of presenting what you have collected. Charts, graphs, diagrams, quotes and formulae all provide unique advantages in certain situations. Tables are another excellent way of presenting data, whether qualitative or quantitative, in a succinct manner. The key thing to keep in mind is that you should always keep your reader in mind when you present your data â€" not yourself. While a particular layout may be clear to you, ask yourself whether it will be equally clear to someone who is less familiar with your research. Quite often the answer will be “no,” at least for your first draft, and you may need to rethink your presentation. 7. Appendix You may find your data analysis chapter becoming cluttered, yet feel yourself unwilling to cut down too heavily the data which you have spent such a long time collecting. If data is relevant but hard to organise within the text, you might want to move it to an appendix. Data sheets, sample questionnaires and transcripts of interviews and focus groups should be placed in the appendix. Only the most relevant snippets of information, whether that be statistical analyses or quotes from an interviewee, should be used in the dissertation itself. 8. Discussion In discussing your data, you will need to demonstrate a capacity to identify trends, patterns and themes within the data. Consider various theoretical interpretations and balance the pros and cons of these different perspectives. Discuss anomalies as well consistencies, assessing the significance and impact of each. If you are using interviews, make sure to include representative quotes to in your discussion. 9. Findings What are the essential points that emerge after the analysis of your data? These findings should be clearly stated, their assertions supported with tightly argued reasoning and empirical backing. 10. Relation with literature Towards the end of your data analysis, it is advisable to begin comparing your data with that published by other academics, considering points of agreement and difference. Are your findings consistent with expectations, or do they make up a controversial or marginal position? Discuss reasons as well as implications. At this stage it is important to remember what, exactly, you said in your literature review. What were the key themes you identified? What were the gaps? How does this relate to your own findings? If you aren’t able to link your findings to your literature review, something is wrong â€" your data should always fit with your research question(s), and your question(s) should stem from the literature. It is very important that you show this link clearly and explicitly. Need help with dissertation writing? Our dissertation writing service, offered by our network of over 3,000 world-class academic writers, can provide you with a model dissertation you can use as a customised map to the results you need. Find out more You may also like... 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Escaping through Manipulation - Literature Essay Samples

In Henrik Ibsens acclaimed play Hedda Gabler, the main female character, Hedda Gabler, is a modern woman striving to attain her desires through manipulation. She persistently endeavors to create a world that matches her masculine character by exploiting the people around her. Gabler also accomplishes her task by p a characters will, giving her subtle and deceptive control. Through Gablers exceptional skills as a manipulator, the play scrutinizes the feminine role and what defines a woman. Through manipulation, Gabler discovers joy and a sense of power not often felt by women during her time. She takes advantage of her ability by constantly interfering in the lives of other characters, easily shaping their wills to meet her desires. Gabler admits this in her conversation with Mrs. Elvsted in Act 3. Mrs. Elvsted states, You have some hidden motive in this, Hedda! to which Gabler replies, Yes, I have. I want for once in my life to have power to mould a human destiny. Gabler is abl e to do so because she is surrounded by individuals who function solely on the basis of societys values, rendering their actions predictable. Gabler refers to individuals that she can manipulate as specialists, saying to Judge Brack in Act One, Tesman isa specialist, my dear Judge. Judge Brack assumes that Gabler means Tesman is a specialist of his subject. Yer her definition also implies the narrow vision on life and living that often comes along with specializing in just one thing. This broader definition of a specialist is confirmed later when Gabler reveals to Judge Brack that he too is a specialist. By manipulating specialists and setting herself apart from them, Gabler creates her own world that runs parallel to the puppet stage of society. She is able to temporarily escape the social norms that she considers others to be trapped in. A primary social norm that Gabler refuses to conform to is the traditional role of a submissive wife. In a sense, subjecting herself to the role of a wife and mother is the ultimate sign of failure to Gabler. Thus, when many try to gain knowledge about her role as a wife or potential mother, Gabler quickly dismisses the topic. For example, when Brack questions her about motherhood in Act 1, Gabler responds, Be quiet! Nothing of that sort will ever happen!. When questioned again by Judge Brack about her prospective parental role, Gabler replies, I have no turn for anything of the sort, Judge Brack. No responsibilities for me! Gabler especially feels the pressures of conforming to a feminine role with Aunt Tesman, who questions her about her weight and her stomach, almost hinting about the potential for children. In reality, Gabler defies the definition of a conventional woman. She is not at all submissive; she manipulates people, especially men, for her own power; she absolutely refuses to take on the role of a wife and mother or even address it. The reason behind her defiance is that in Gablers mind, subm itting to the role of society is to submit to the role of a wife and motherand to submit to the role of a wife and mother is to lose power and freedom to pursue ones own interests. Throughout the play, Gabler repeatedly rebels against most aspects of being traditionally feminine. In the beginning of the play, Aunt Tesman comes over to check up on the married couple. Despite her new aunts kindness towards her, Gabler dislikes Aunt Tesman because Aunt Tesman reminds her that she is married and expected to soon bear a child. Gabler dislikes the idea of being pregnant. Thus, so as not to dwell on it any further, she makes a nasty comment about Aunt Tesmans new hat. However, Aunt Tesman does not leave and the threatening subject of potential children arises, like Gabler feared it would. The conflict arises when Tesman says in Act 1, Yes, but have you noticed what splendid condition she is in? How she has filled out on the journey? His insinuation of his wifes pregnancy is quickly d issolved when his aunt replies, Oh, do be quiet!. However, Aunt Tesman picks the matter up further by clarifying Tesmans statement with a question, Filled out?. The conversation serves as a reminder to Gabler of her forthcoming doom. Hence, she dislikes Tesman and Aunt Tesman for reminding her that pregnancy is what is expected from her as a wife, and not her own choice. Mrs. Elvsted is also the kind of figure disliked by Gabler, because she is the embodiment of all that is considered womanly. This consideration is based on how Gabler interacts with Mrs. Elvsted, which is not at all kindly unless there is something to gain by being kind, another manipulative aspect Gabler utilizes. Even when the two were in school together, Gabler disliked Mrs. Elvsted. As Mrs. Elvstead reminds Gabler in Act 1, when we met on the stairs you used always to pull my hair. This utter dislike of Mrs. Elvstead is not only relegated to the past. In Act 3, Gabler muses to Mrs. Elvstead, I think I mu st burn your hair off after all. Thus, Gabler defies the feminine role by defying the individual who is the epitome of this role. She accomplishes this by manipulating Mrs. Elvstead to release information to her in the beginning of the play about Lovborg. Later, when she has no reason to be nice, Gabler treats her harshly. Another example of Gablers unwillingness to conform to the feminine role is conveyed through the manipulation of Lovborg and the burning of his manuscript. A prime example of Gablers masterful manipulation of Lovburg is in Act 3, when she is able to persuade Lovborg to take her pistol and end his life beautifully. Also, while burning the novel towards the end of Act 3, Gabler cries, Now I am burning your child, Thea!Burning it, curly-locks! Your child and Eilert Lovborgs. I am burningI am burning your child. The burning of the book as a substitute of a child is Gablers way of freeing herself from the chains of child-bearing. She physically refuses to submit t o the roles of a mother and wife not only by refusing to be impregnated but by also burning the symbolic figure of a child. Her actions reveal the extremes of what she will do in order to not be caged in by societys outlook on a female. Her desperation becomes so extreme that Gabler believes her only true escape from the constrictive roles of womanhood is through death. When it is discovered in the final act that Gabler commits suicide, Judge Baracks closing line is, Good God!people dont do such things. Thus, Gabler is finally able to escape the roles of femininity by doing the thing that people dont do. In sum, Henrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler reveals one womans persistent effort to fight off the pressures of assuming a traditional feminine role. Through her tactful manipulation of others, the play Hedda Gabler serves as a whole to question the social chains of femininity and what makes a woman. Despite Gablers efforts to have control over her life and the lives of other s as well, she still cannot obtain the true control over her life that she wants. Hence, she shoots herself as the ultimate escape from the social roles of a womanand in doing so, she manages to break the chains of society from around her.